نشریه علوم دانشگاه خوارزمی
سال هشتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1387)

The extent of area is about 3571 hectars. It is part of Hezarmasjed in north- western Kalat. The average maximum temperture is 20.8 in August and the minimum temperture is -9 in January. A floristic study was done for the area plants and then biological forms and plant chorotypes were identified. In this research, 65 families, 282 genera and 404 species were identified, The largest plant family is Asteraceae with 52 genera and 82 species and the largest genera is Astragalus of Papilionaceae with 19 species. Chief biological forms are: Hemicryptophytes, Therophytes and Cryptophytes. Most of the species (54.45%) belong to Irano -Turanian region.

The Caspian sea as a unique habitat has accommodated Rutilus frisii kutum for as long as the course of history but has undergone extreme ecological & managerial disturbances over the recent centuries which has in turn, borought about dire consequences including the formation of a potentially fragile ecosystem. In fact, various researches undertaken on this issue has shown that the specter of such ominous changes in ecosystem and the living resources of the Caspian Sea loom near. The present study aims at investigating the sexual and biological aspects of fish &their sex organs in Rutilus f. Kutum along the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. To this end, the fish and gonad samples of Rutilus f. kutum migrating to rivers & estuaries were collected & analyzed through sampling procedures based on fish gonad. Upon treating the samples with Bouin & the related preparations, (I.e. extraction of water, making from the sample them transparent, molding & doing them based on H&E method),, whereas Peterson correlation coefficient was applied for toxic variables. The results of the analysis shows that 45 percent of sampled fish with an average length of (349 58) mm weighing 564 334) were male and 54.4 were Females. The sexual maturity rate, as specified by the six stages analysis me Thad of Johnson’s (Johnson’s, 1970) in dictated the position of female in the stages: IV & V during March, April & June. 32% of female fish were in stage V & %68 in stage IV in March whereas the percentages of female fish in April was %87 in the stage V followed by %94 in the stage V during June.

Maize seedlings were treated with various concentrations of copper (25-100 µM) without EDTA and with EDTA for 120 hours. A sever and progressive decrease of root length and dry weight and an increase in K+ leakage with increasing Cu in nutrient solution was observed in the treated plants with Cu without EDTA. The roots accumulated significantly higher amounts of Cu than the shoot. With increasing Cu concentrations, amounts of Ca, Mg, K and Fe decreased in roots and in shoot. Application of EDTA with Cu caused increased dry weight and root length but decreased K+ leakage into nutrient solution. Application of EDTA increased Cu accumulation in roots but decreased it in shoot and caused a different effect on other minerals contents. Overall, EDTA could reduce copper toxicity in Maize seedlings.

In order to consideration and distinguishing of Mondell pine species (Pinus eldarica) and its two natural generated morphotypes, needles samples were collected from three years old seedlings in similar conditions and then extracted. Protein band patterns of the samples were studied and compared using electrophoresis method on polyacrylamide gel in the SDS-PAGE system. 12 morphological traits related to seedlings and mature individuals of the three pines, compared with each other. The amount of total protein also obtained using Bradford procedure and content of chlorophyll a and b measured by spectrophotometer with Harborne method. One dimensional electrophoresis of proteins showed perfectly similar isozyme patterns for each type (i.e. Mondell pine, Ball-shaped and Conical-shaped pines). Furthermore the amount of total protein and chlorophyll a and b contents of samples did not showed significant difference using ANOVA test. But 11 features of morphological measured traits were more in Mondell pine than the new generated pines. These results indicate the nonexistence of biochemical differences among these pines in spite of obvious structural and morphological differences.

Diazinon is a contact organophosphorous pesticide which has a wide range of insecticidal application. In this study the effects of diazinon 60% EC (Emulsifiable concentrate) on oogenesis and ovary structure of mature and immature Balb/C mice were assessed. Olive oil was used as solvent. The lethal dose (LD50) was estimated as 68 mg/kgB.W. Mice were divided into three groups: control, sham and experimental. In experimental groups of mature (>50 days old) and immature (~30 days old), 40 mg/kgB.W of diazinon 60% EC were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 days. In sham groups, the same amount of olive oil were injected once a day for 7 days. 8 days after the first injection in mature mice and three weeks after the first injection in immature mice, the animals were sacrificed and ovaries were removed and studied macroscopically and microscopically. 5 micrometer serial sections of ovary were made and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Then, results were analyzed statistically. In the experimental groups of mature and immature mice, no significant alteration in the weight of ovary and blood level of FSH and LH were observed when compared with control groups. Significant decreases (P<0.05 & P < 0.01 & P < 0.001) in the body weight, the number of primordial, primary and growing follicles, corpus luteum and its cells and the diameter of the Graffian follicles and their oocytes and nuclei, theca and granulosa layers and also the diameter of the corpus luteum and the blood levels of estrogen and progestin were observed respectively when compared with control groups. Also, significant increases (P<0.05 & P < 0.01 & P < 0.001) in the number of Graffian and atretic follicles and the diameter of ovaries were observed respectively when compared with control groups.

Propolis or bee-glue is a natural sticky material gathered in the hives by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L., Apidae) from the growing parts of trees and shrubs (e.g., leaf buds, trunk wounds). Typical propolis has approximately 50 constituents, primarily resins and vegetable balsams (50%), waxes (30%), essential oils (10%), and pollen. At least, 180 different compounds have been identified so far in propolis. The aim of this study is to examaine antimutagenesis effects of cosmetic creams containing ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against two mutagenic substances named sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) by Ames test and microsome. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium TA100 and TA97 were used each having selective mutation in their operon histidine. Mutant strains (His-) were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So, only those bacteria that reversed by mutation (His+) could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen (EEP) and mutagen substances are gathered, the rate of reversed mutation is reduced and the percentage of mutation inhibition can be calculated by means of the formula. In addition, the significant difference between the average of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens was assessed by using statistical software SPSS and interpreted by one-way variant statistical test. Finally the results of in vitro antimutagenicity tests revealed that propolis in 0.1-4% concentrations could inhibit mutagenicity of two mutagens mentioned above in a dose-dependent manner. Also the results of microsomal assay (S9) revealed that propolis has a very high potential for inhibition of mutation and cancer. For these reason, ethanolic extract of propolis in defined concentrations can be used in cream formulation due to these reason